QuantumATK Case Study: The Next Generation Transistor-interconnect Technology

Posted on August 2, 2017

IBM Research at Albany Nanotech has recently published work with QuantumATK (http://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.4983072) investigating four novel metal nanowires as back-end-of-line interconnects.

The paper 1 demonstrates potential superior performance to the current Cu based nanowires as the future brings continued down-scaling of modern transistor technology.

3 properties required for the good performance of interconnects are:

1. High structural integrity and resistance to electromigration.
2. Low electrical resistivity due to surface scattering.
3. Low electrical resistivity due to grain boundary scattering.

QuantumATK was used to evaluate these 3 properties of Pt, Rh, Ir, Pd, and Cu nanowires (0.5 nm - 3 nm wide):

1. The cohesive energy was calculated with the DFT cohesive energy calculation tool.
   This predicts bond strengths and how robust different sized nanowires will be when used as interconnects.
2. The conductance was calculated with the DFT+NEGF electron transport tool, with different sizes and orientations of the nanowires. This predicts the electrical resistivity due to surface scattering for each orientation.
3. The conductance was calculated with the DFT+NEGF electron transport tool with different grain boundaries in the scattering region. This predicts the electrical resistivity (relative to the bulk resistivity) for different grain sizes. Specific resistivities for Cu grain boundaries are in a good agreement with experimental and computational work.

Nanowires with and without grain boundaries were constructed and optimized using the QuantumATK NanoLab graphical user interface for the crystal builder.